Notes

Outline

Errors in Usage Chapter 10 p. 150

Sentence Fragments Overview Independent Clause—complete sentence with subject & verb Dependent Clause—has subject and verb but cannot stand alone

Sentence Fragments Subordinating conjunctions tie dependent clauses to the sentence Whereas The left brain is analytical.  Whereas the right brain is creative.

Sentence Fragments Whereas The left brain is analytical.  Whereas the right brain is creative. The left brain is analytical, whereas the right brain is creative.

Sentence Fragments Although Unlike doctors, lawyers are ready to practice when they get their degrees.  Although it is often necessary to take an expensive course in order to pass the exam.

Sentence Fragments Although Although it is often necessary to take an expensive course in order to pass the exam, lawyers, unlike doctors, are ready to practice when they get their degrees.

Sentence Fragments Relative Clauses—begin with that, who, whom, whose, which Which The voters rejected bilingual education.  Which had received much negative publicity.

Sentence Fragments Which The voters rejected bilingual education, which had received much negative publicity.

Sentence Fragments Verbals—parts of verbs Being The small towns are dying.  One of the problems being that young people are leaving.

Sentence Fragments Verbals—parts of verbs Being The small towns are dying, one of the problems being that young people are leaving.

Comma Splices Joining two complete sentence only with a comma instead of a comma and a conjunction word (and, but, or, etc.)

Comma Splices The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, it was the second part that baffled him.

Comma Splices Use a period to make two complete sentences. The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, it was the second part that baffled him. The first part of the book gave Jim no problem.  It was the second part that baffled him.

Comma Splices Use a semicolon to separate the clauses. The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, it was the second part that baffled him. The first part of the book gave Jim no problem; it was the second part that baffled him.

Comma Splices Insert a coordinating conjunction The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, it was the second part that baffled him. The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, but it was the second part that baffled him.

Comma Splices Subordinate one clause to the other The first part of the book gave Jim no problem, it was the second part that baffled him. Although the first part of the book gave Jim no problem, the second part baffled him.

Compound Sentences Two complete sentences joined by a conjunction word should be separated by a comma.

Compound Sentences John went to the movies and Mike went to the store. John went to the movies, and Mike went to the store.

Run-On Sentences Two complete sentences run together without punctuation

Run-On Sentences The success of horror movies is not surprising some people have always enjoyed being frightened.

Run-On Sentences Use a period to create two complete sentences. The success of horror movies is not surprising.  Some people have always enjoyed being frightened.

Run-On Sentences Subordinate one clause to the other The success of horror movies is not surprising because people have always enjoyed being frightened.

Parallel Structures Items in a list should be parallel or identical in structure.

Parallel Structures A good employee is dedicated, hard-working, and will make sacrifices. A good employee is dedicated, hard-working, and self-sacrificial.