Study Explores How Time-Restricted Eating Affects Weight Loss

A new study from the University of Mississippi indicates that when healthy adults pair an eight-hour eating window with regular exercise, they lose more fat – without sacrificing lean muscle – compared to exercise alone, according to a study released in the International Journal of Obesity, which is published by the Nature Publishing Group.

"We saw that this did lead to more fat loss and reduced body fat percentage over time when healthy adults were following both exercise with time-restricting eating compared to those who were only exercising for at least four weeks," said Nadeeja Wijayatunga, assistant professor of nutrition and hospitality management.

"It is important to note lean mass preservation."

Wijayatunga and Michael Hays, tactical dietitian and recent Ole Miss graduate, began their study after seeing the dramatic rise in time-restricted eating. Together, they conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis where they examined data from 15 studies conducted on time-restricted eating with exercise from the last decade.

Time-restricted eating is one of many diets included in the umbrella term "intermittent fasting."

"People like time-restricted eating because they feel it's easier to adhere to because they don't have to think too much," she said. "It's all about time, not calorie-counting or watching out for certain foods."

Intermittent fasting has quickly become one of the most popular diets in the United States, with 12% of Americans having tried it, according to the 2023 International Food and Health Survey.

The science surrounding time-restricted eating, however, is still developing, Hays said.

"For some people, this may be a good technique to help with body composition goals," Hays said. "It's just another tool, but more studies need to come out to really understand how this works in humans."

While the difference between those who exercised while following a time-restricted diet and those who used exercise alone was slight, the two groups in the studies were already very healthy individuals, Hays said.

"In most cases, these were healthy adults," he said. "They were already physically fit and already had exercise routines. When you already have athletic, lean people and you decrease their body fat percentage, that's significant."

Time-restricted eating has been criticized for possibly leading to a loss of lean mass – all the muscles, organs and other tissues that make up the human body.

"We need healthy muscles," Wijayatunga said. "Muscles are really important for the body and for your metabolism. If we lose muscle, it may impact our metabolic systems, and it just decreases mobility overall."

In their study, Hays and Wijayatunga found that when paired with exercise, time-restricted eating did not lead to a reduction in lean mass, even for those who lost body fat.

"That's why you want to couple diet with exercise," Hays said. "When you're losing weight, you never want to lose lean tissue. You want to lose fat."

While the results are promising, Wijayatunga warned that much more research is needed to confirm the findings. While this study focused on healthy, active subjects, researchers need to understand how this would affect people who are not in shape and exercising regularly.

"That's something that needs to be studied," she said. "What I'd recommend is implementing healthy habits in a way that you – as an individual – can maintain, with guidance from a health care professional."

In her upcoming study, Wijayatunga will study how time-restricted eating affects people who are sedentary and whose body-mass index indicates that they are overweight. Find out more about participating in her research here.

Top: When paired with exercise, time-restricted eating – eating only within a certain time period each day – can help healthy people lose fat without losing lean tissue, according to a University of Mississippi study. Photo illustration by Stefanie Goodwiller/University Marketing and Communications